Paramedics may encounter all kinds of broken leg scenarios, some being relatively minor hairline fractures and others much more serious, such as a compound fracture or an injury further complicated by a severe dislocation.
This requires different approaches. A lesser fracture means a lighter splint or means of immobilisation may be used before the patient is placed on a stretcher and taken for hospital treatment. It may be that no splint is needed at all.
However, vacuum splints may be required for some serious injuries, which is why it is important for NHS ambulances and private ambulances alike to have these at hand.
What Is The Guidance On Using Vacuum Splints?
Guidance from the National Institute for Health and Clinical Excellence (NICE) states that the location of the injury is a factor in determining what kind of splint should be used. For a non-complex long bone fracture, it is recommended that a vacuum splint is the right option.
Another reason for using it is if the movement of an ambulance journey has the potential to inflict further pain and injury unless the limb is immobilised. This applies not just to breaks but to dislocations and even severe sprains.
Before applying the splint, paramedics may check that the patient is still able to feel their feet and move their toes, which can be done by removing the shoe and sock first. Because the leg must be lifted to allow the splint to be placed under before it is inflated, any pain relief required must be given at this point. The straps should not be tightened on top of an open fracture.
A key benefit of this kind of splint is that, as it is inflatable, it can adjust its shape to that of the limb if it is out of its normal position, something more likely to occur with a severe fracture or dislocation.
For any patient, the whole experience will be very painful and distressing. But a vacuum splint will help limit pain and damage, which in turn can aid recovery and rehabilitation in the long run.